FM / bin

/snap/core18/2979/usr/bin

Name	Size	Mode	Actions
aa-enabled	22696	0755	edit dl rm
aa-exec	22696	0755	edit dl rm
addpart	22608	0755	edit dl rm
apt	77	0755	edit dl rm
apt-cache	77	0755	edit dl rm
apt-get	77	0755	edit dl rm
arch	35032	0755	edit dl rm
awk	125416	0755	edit dl rm
b2sum	55512	0755	edit dl rm
base32	39096	0755	edit dl rm
base64	39096	0755	edit dl rm
basename	35000	0755	edit dl rm
bashbug	7115	0755	edit dl rm
bootctl	34952	0755	edit dl rm
busctl	67672	0755	edit dl rm
captoinfo	84080	0755	edit dl rm
catchsegv	3334	0755	edit dl rm
cautious-launcher	853	0755	edit dl rm
chage	71816	2755	edit dl rm
chardet3	389	0755	edit dl rm
chardetect3	389	0755	edit dl rm
chattr	14336	0755	edit dl rm
chcon	63672	0755	edit dl rm
chfn	76496	4755	edit dl rm
chrt	30800	0755	edit dl rm
chsh	44528	4755	edit dl rm
cksum	35000	0755	edit dl rm
clear	10240	0755	edit dl rm
clear_console	10312	0755	edit dl rm
cloud-id	396	0755	edit dl rm
cloud-init	400	0755	edit dl rm
cloud-init-per	2108	0755	edit dl rm
cmp	47200	0755	edit dl rm
comm	39128	0755	edit dl rm
compose	18161	0755	edit dl rm
console-conf	2931	0755	edit dl rm
core-sshd-host-keygen	1565	0755	edit dl rm
csplit	51416	0755	edit dl rm
ctstat	22888	0755	edit dl rm
cut	43224	0755	edit dl rm
c_rehash	6806	0755	edit dl rm
dbus-cleanup-sockets	10224	0755	edit dl rm
dbus-daemon	236584	0755	edit dl rm
dbus-monitor	22520	0755	edit dl rm
dbus-run-session	10224	0755	edit dl rm
dbus-send	26608	0755	edit dl rm
dbus-update-activation-environment	14320	0755	edit dl rm
dbus-uuidgen	10224	0755	edit dl rm
deb-systemd-helper	20142	0755	edit dl rm
deb-systemd-invoke	4434	0755	edit dl rm
delpart	22608	0755	edit dl rm
dh_bash-completion	2550	0755	edit dl rm
diff	145752	0755	edit dl rm
diff3	63704	0755	edit dl rm
dircolors	47296	0755	edit dl rm
dirname	30904	0755	edit dl rm
dpkg-deb	153952	0755	edit dl rm
du	100568	0755	edit dl rm
ec2metadata	7297	0755	edit dl rm
edit	18161	0755	edit dl rm
editor	1112152	0755	edit dl rm
env	35000	0755	edit dl rm
ex	1112152	0755	edit dl rm
expand	39128	0755	edit dl rm
expiry	22808	2755	edit dl rm
expr	47288	0755	edit dl rm
factor	75992	0755	edit dl rm
faillog	18728	0755	edit dl rm
fallocate	26704	0755	edit dl rm
finalrd	2152	0755	edit dl rm
find	238080	0755	edit dl rm
flock	30880	0755	edit dl rm
fmt	43192	0755	edit dl rm
fold	35000	0755	edit dl rm
free	18512	0755	edit dl rm
gdbserver	661016	0755	edit dl rm
getconf	30856	0755	edit dl rm
getent	31224	0755	edit dl rm
getopt	14408	0755	edit dl rm
gpasswd	75824	4755	edit dl rm
gpgv	441360	0755	edit dl rm
groups	35000	0755	edit dl rm
growpart	21883	0755	edit dl rm
head	43224	0755	edit dl rm
helpztags	2514	0755	edit dl rm
hostid	30904	0755	edit dl rm
hostnamectl	18504	0755	edit dl rm
i386	18784	0755	edit dl rm
iconv	63744	0755	edit dl rm
id	43224	0755	edit dl rm
infocmp	59464	0755	edit dl rm
infotocap	84080	0755	edit dl rm
install	145664	0755	edit dl rm
ionice	26704	0755	edit dl rm
ipcmk	26768	0755	edit dl rm
ipcrm	26704	0755	edit dl rm
ipcs	51280	0755	edit dl rm
iptables-xml	-	0	edit dl rm
ischroot	10280	0755	edit dl rm
join	47320	0755	edit dl rm
jsondiff	1018	0755	edit dl rm
jsonpatch	3661	0755	edit dl rm
jsonpointer	1342	0755	edit dl rm
jsonschema	398	0755	edit dl rm
kernel-install	4508	0755	edit dl rm
last	43088	0755	edit dl rm
lastb	43088	0755	edit dl rm
lastlog	18504	0755	edit dl rm
lcf	7786	0755	edit dl rm
ldd	5427	0755	edit dl rm
less	199048	0755	edit dl rm
lessecho	14656	0755	edit dl rm
lessfile	9047	0755	edit dl rm
lesskey	24272	0755	edit dl rm
lesspipe	9047	0755	edit dl rm
link	30904	0755	edit dl rm
linux32	18784	0755	edit dl rm
linux64	18784	0755	edit dl rm
lnstat	22888	0755	edit dl rm
locale	50592	0755	edit dl rm
locale-check	10240	0755	edit dl rm
localectl	22600	0755	edit dl rm
localedef	338744	0755	edit dl rm
logger	47792	0755	edit dl rm
logname	30904	0755	edit dl rm
lsattr	10240	0755	edit dl rm
lscpu	71760	0755	edit dl rm
lsipc	71760	0755	edit dl rm
lslocks	35232	0755	edit dl rm
lslogins	63568	0755	edit dl rm
lsmem	43088	0755	edit dl rm
lsns	38992	0755	edit dl rm
mawk	125416	0755	edit dl rm
mcookie	30864	0755	edit dl rm
md5sum	43224	0755	edit dl rm
md5sum.textutils	43224	0755	edit dl rm
mesg	10312	0755	edit dl rm
miniterm	35098	0755	edit dl rm
mkfifo	63672	0755	edit dl rm
mksquashfs	189432	0755	edit dl rm
mkswapfile	865	0755	edit dl rm
namei	26704	0755	edit dl rm
nawk	125416	0755	edit dl rm
newgrp	40344	4755	edit dl rm
nice	35000	0755	edit dl rm
nl	43288	0755	edit dl rm
no-apt	77	0755	edit dl rm
nohup	35000	0755	edit dl rm
nproc	35000	0755	edit dl rm
nsenter	31008	0755	edit dl rm
nstat	26696	0755	edit dl rm
numfmt	63736	0755	edit dl rm
od	67800	0755	edit dl rm
openssl	723944	0755	edit dl rm
pager	170760	0755	edit dl rm
partx	88144	0755	edit dl rm
passwd	59640	4755	edit dl rm
paste	35032	0755	edit dl rm
pathchk	35000	0755	edit dl rm
pdb3	61310	0755	edit dl rm
pdb3.6	61310	0755	edit dl rm
perl	2097720	0755	edit dl rm
perl5.26.1	2097720	0755	edit dl rm
pgrep	26712	0755	edit dl rm
pinky	39128	0755	edit dl rm
pkill	26712	0755	edit dl rm
pldd	14560	0755	edit dl rm
pmap	30808	0755	edit dl rm
pr	71960	0755	edit dl rm
print	18161	0755	edit dl rm
printenv	30904	0755	edit dl rm
printf	51384	0755	edit dl rm
prlimit	35424	0755	edit dl rm
probert	2143	0755	edit dl rm
ptx	71928	0755	edit dl rm
pwdx	10312	0755	edit dl rm
py3clean	7812	0755	edit dl rm
py3compile	12119	0755	edit dl rm
py3versions	11717	0755	edit dl rm
pydoc3	79	0755	edit dl rm
pydoc3.6	79	0755	edit dl rm
pygettext3	21547	0755	edit dl rm
pygettext3.6	21547	0755	edit dl rm
pyjwt3	372	0755	edit dl rm
python3	4530584	0755	edit dl rm
python3-jsondiff	1018	0755	edit dl rm
python3-jsonpatch	3661	0755	edit dl rm
python3-jsonpointer	1342	0755	edit dl rm
python3-jsonschema	398	0755	edit dl rm
python3.6	4530584	0755	edit dl rm
python3.6m	4530584	0755	edit dl rm
python3m	4530584	0755	edit dl rm
rcp	100496	0755	edit dl rm
rdma	26696	0755	edit dl rm
realpath	47320	0755	edit dl rm
rename.ul	14408	0755	edit dl rm
renice	14408	0755	edit dl rm
reset	22528	0755	edit dl rm
resizepart	38992	0755	edit dl rm
rev	10312	0755	edit dl rm
rgrep	30	0755	edit dl rm
rlogin	727848	0755	edit dl rm
routef	208	0755	edit dl rm
routel	1656	0755	edit dl rm
rsh	727848	0755	edit dl rm
rtstat	22888	0755	edit dl rm
run-mailcap	18161	0755	edit dl rm
runcon	35000	0755	edit dl rm
rview	1112152	0755	edit dl rm
savelog	10469	0755	edit dl rm
scp	100496	0755	edit dl rm
script	30792	0755	edit dl rm
scriptreplay	26704	0755	edit dl rm
sdiff	51296	0755	edit dl rm
see	18161	0755	edit dl rm
select-editor	2442	0755	edit dl rm
sensible-browser	1209	0755	edit dl rm
sensible-editor	1109	0755	edit dl rm
sensible-pager	433	0755	edit dl rm
seq	47288	0755	edit dl rm
setarch	18784	0755	edit dl rm
setsid	10312	0755	edit dl rm
setterm	43088	0755	edit dl rm
sftp	153960	0755	edit dl rm
sg	40344	4755	edit dl rm
sha1sum	47320	0755	edit dl rm
sha224sum	55512	0755	edit dl rm
sha256sum	55512	0755	edit dl rm
sha384sum	59608	0755	edit dl rm
sha512sum	59608	0755	edit dl rm
shred	59608	0755	edit dl rm
shuf	55480	0755	edit dl rm
skill	26704	0755	edit dl rm
slabtop	18512	0755	edit dl rm
slogin	727848	0755	edit dl rm
snap	23523401	0755	edit dl rm
snapctl	-	0	edit dl rm
snice	26704	0755	edit dl rm
sort	113120	0755	edit dl rm
split	55936	0755	edit dl rm
ssh	727848	0755	edit dl rm
ssh-add	346248	0755	edit dl rm
ssh-agent	362640	2755	edit dl rm
ssh-argv0	1456	0755	edit dl rm
ssh-copy-id	10658	0755	edit dl rm
ssh-keygen	420000	0755	edit dl rm
ssh-keyscan	424096	0755	edit dl rm
stat	80088	0755	edit dl rm
stdbuf	47288	0755	edit dl rm
sudo	149080	4755	edit dl rm
sudoedit	149080	4755	edit dl rm
sudoreplay	56128	0755	edit dl rm
sum	39104	0755	edit dl rm
systemd-analyze	1562888	0755	edit dl rm
systemd-cat	10312	0755	edit dl rm
systemd-cgls	14408	0755	edit dl rm
systemd-cgtop	30816	0755	edit dl rm
systemd-delta	22600	0755	edit dl rm
systemd-detect-virt	10304	0755	edit dl rm
systemd-mount	43104	0755	edit dl rm
systemd-path	10304	0755	edit dl rm
systemd-resolve	88136	0755	edit dl rm
systemd-run	43080	0755	edit dl rm
systemd-socket-activate	18504	0755	edit dl rm
systemd-stdio-bridge	14408	0755	edit dl rm
systemd-umount	43104	0755	edit dl rm
tabs	14328	0755	edit dl rm
tac	39096	0755	edit dl rm
tail	67832	0755	edit dl rm
taskset	30800	0755	edit dl rm
tee	35032	0755	edit dl rm
test	47288	0755	edit dl rm
tic	84080	0755	edit dl rm
timedatectl	815	0755	edit dl rm
timedatectl.real	22600	0755	edit dl rm
timeout	39552	0755	edit dl rm
tload	14424	0755	edit dl rm
toe	14328	0755	edit dl rm
top	108304	0755	edit dl rm
touch	92680	0755	edit dl rm
tput	18456	0755	edit dl rm
tr	47288	0755	edit dl rm
truncate	39096	0755	edit dl rm
tset	22528	0755	edit dl rm
tsort	35000	0755	edit dl rm
tty	30904	0755	edit dl rm
tzselect	15402	0755	edit dl rm
ucf	40685	0755	edit dl rm
ucfq	19367	0755	edit dl rm
ucfr	10722	0755	edit dl rm
unexpand	39128	0755	edit dl rm
uniq	43224	0755	edit dl rm
unlink	30904	0755	edit dl rm
unshare	18712	0755	edit dl rm
unsquashfs	102104	0755	edit dl rm
update-alternatives	47112	0755	edit dl rm
uptime	10312	0755	edit dl rm
users	35000	0755	edit dl rm
utmpdump	22600	0755	edit dl rm
vcs-run	6913	0755	edit dl rm
vi	1112152	0755	edit dl rm
view	1112152	0755	edit dl rm
vim.tiny	1112152	0755	edit dl rm
vmstat	34912	0755	edit dl rm
w	18504	0755	edit dl rm
w.procps	18504	0755	edit dl rm
wall	30800	2755	edit dl rm
watch	22952	0755	edit dl rm
wc	43200	0755	edit dl rm
whereis	27144	0755	edit dl rm
which	946	0755	edit dl rm
who	51416	0755	edit dl rm
whoami	30904	0755	edit dl rm
wpa_passphrase	63488	0755	edit dl rm
x86_64	18784	0755	edit dl rm
xargs	71896	0755	edit dl rm
xdg-open	38	0755	edit dl rm
xdg-settings	1723	0755	edit dl rm
xxd	18552	0755	edit dl rm
yes	30904	0755	edit dl rm
zdump	18488	0755	edit dl rm
[	51384	0755	edit dl rm

Edit: /snap/core18/2979/usr/bin/miniterm (35098B)

#!/usr/bin/python3
#
# Very simple serial terminal
#
# This file is part of pySerial. https://github.com/pyserial/pyserial
# (C)2002-2015 Chris Liechti <cliechti@gmx.net>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier:    BSD-3-Clause

import codecs
import os
import sys
import threading

import serial
from serial.tools.list_ports import comports
from serial.tools import hexlify_codec

# pylint: disable=wrong-import-order,wrong-import-position

codecs.register(lambda c: hexlify_codec.getregentry() if c == 'hexlify' else None)

try:
    raw_input
except NameError:
    # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin,invalid-name
    raw_input = input   # in python3 it's "raw"
    unichr = chr

def key_description(character):
    """generate a readable description for a key"""
    ascii_code = ord(character)
    if ascii_code < 32:
        return 'Ctrl+{:c}'.format(ord('@') + ascii_code)
    else:
        return repr(character)

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
class ConsoleBase(object):
    """OS abstraction for console (input/output codec, no echo)"""

def __init__(self):
        if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
            self.byte_output = sys.stdout.buffer
        else:
            self.byte_output = sys.stdout
        self.output = sys.stdout

def setup(self):
        """Set console to read single characters, no echo"""

def cleanup(self):
        """Restore default console settings"""

def getkey(self):
        """Read a single key from the console"""
        return None

def write_bytes(self, byte_string):
        """Write bytes (already encoded)"""
        self.byte_output.write(byte_string)
        self.byte_output.flush()

def write(self, text):
        """Write string"""
        self.output.write(text)
        self.output.flush()

def cancel(self):
        """Cancel getkey operation"""

#  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -
    # context manager:
    # switch terminal temporary to normal mode (e.g. to get user input)

def __enter__(self):
        self.cleanup()
        return self

def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.setup()

if os.name == 'nt':  # noqa
    import msvcrt
    import ctypes

class Out(object):
        """file-like wrapper that uses os.write"""

def __init__(self, fd):
            self.fd = fd

def flush(self):
            pass

def write(self, s):
            os.write(self.fd, s)

class Console(ConsoleBase):
        def __init__(self):
            super(Console, self).__init__()
            self._saved_ocp = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleOutputCP()
            self._saved_icp = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleCP()
            ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleOutputCP(65001)
            ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleCP(65001)
            self.output = codecs.getwriter('UTF-8')(Out(sys.stdout.fileno()), 'replace')
            # the change of the code page is not propagated to Python, manually fix it
            sys.stderr = codecs.getwriter('UTF-8')(Out(sys.stderr.fileno()), 'replace')
            sys.stdout = self.output
            self.output.encoding = 'UTF-8'  # needed for input

def __del__(self):
            ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleOutputCP(self._saved_ocp)
            ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleCP(self._saved_icp)

def getkey(self):
            while True:
                z = msvcrt.getwch()
                if z == unichr(13):
                    return unichr(10)
                elif z in (unichr(0), unichr(0x0e)):    # functions keys, ignore
                    msvcrt.getwch()
                else:
                    return z

def cancel(self):
            # CancelIo, CancelSynchronousIo do not seem to work when using
            # getwch, so instead, send a key to the window with the console
            hwnd = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow()
            ctypes.windll.user32.PostMessageA(hwnd, 0x100, 0x0d, 0)

elif os.name == 'posix':
    import atexit
    import termios
    import fcntl

class Console(ConsoleBase):
        def __init__(self):
            super(Console, self).__init__()
            self.fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
            self.old = termios.tcgetattr(self.fd)
            atexit.register(self.cleanup)
            if sys.version_info < (3, 0):
                self.enc_stdin = codecs.getreader(sys.stdin.encoding)(sys.stdin)
            else:
                self.enc_stdin = sys.stdin

def setup(self):
            new = termios.tcgetattr(self.fd)
            new[3] = new[3] & ~termios.ICANON & ~termios.ECHO & ~termios.ISIG
            new[6][termios.VMIN] = 1
            new[6][termios.VTIME] = 0
            termios.tcsetattr(self.fd, termios.TCSANOW, new)

def getkey(self):
            c = self.enc_stdin.read(1)
            if c == unichr(0x7f):
                c = unichr(8)    # map the BS key (which yields DEL) to backspace
            return c

def cancel(self):
            fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, termios.TIOCSTI, b'\0')

def cleanup(self):
            termios.tcsetattr(self.fd, termios.TCSAFLUSH, self.old)

else:
    raise NotImplementedError(
        'Sorry no implementation for your platform ({}) available.'.format(sys.platform))

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

class Transform(object):
    """do-nothing: forward all data unchanged"""
    def rx(self, text):
        """text received from serial port"""
        return text

def tx(self, text):
        """text to be sent to serial port"""
        return text

def echo(self, text):
        """text to be sent but displayed on console"""
        return text

class CRLF(Transform):
    """ENTER sends CR+LF"""

def tx(self, text):
        return text.replace('\n', '\r\n')

class CR(Transform):
    """ENTER sends CR"""

def rx(self, text):
        return text.replace('\r', '\n')

def tx(self, text):
        return text.replace('\n', '\r')

class LF(Transform):
    """ENTER sends LF"""

class NoTerminal(Transform):
    """remove typical terminal control codes from input"""

REPLACEMENT_MAP = dict((x, 0x2400 + x) for x in range(32) if unichr(x) not in '\r\n\b\t')
    REPLACEMENT_MAP.update(
        {
            0x7F: 0x2421,  # DEL
            0x9B: 0x2425,  # CSI
        })

def rx(self, text):
        return text.translate(self.REPLACEMENT_MAP)

echo = rx

class NoControls(NoTerminal):
    """Remove all control codes, incl. CR+LF"""

REPLACEMENT_MAP = dict((x, 0x2400 + x) for x in range(32))
    REPLACEMENT_MAP.update(
        {
            0x20: 0x2423,  # visual space
            0x7F: 0x2421,  # DEL
            0x9B: 0x2425,  # CSI
        })

class Printable(Transform):
    """Show decimal code for all non-ASCII characters and replace most control codes"""

def rx(self, text):
        r = []
        for c in text:
            if ' ' <= c < '\x7f' or c in '\r\n\b\t':
                r.append(c)
            elif c < ' ':
                r.append(unichr(0x2400 + ord(c)))
            else:
                r.extend(unichr(0x2080 + ord(d) - 48) for d in '{:d}'.format(ord(c)))
                r.append(' ')
        return ''.join(r)

echo = rx

class Colorize(Transform):
    """Apply different colors for received and echo"""

def __init__(self):
        # XXX make it configurable, use colorama?
        self.input_color = '\x1b[37m'
        self.echo_color = '\x1b[31m'

def rx(self, text):
        return self.input_color + text

def echo(self, text):
        return self.echo_color + text

class DebugIO(Transform):
    """Print what is sent and received"""

def rx(self, text):
        sys.stderr.write(' [RX:{}] '.format(repr(text)))
        sys.stderr.flush()
        return text

def tx(self, text):
        sys.stderr.write(' [TX:{}] '.format(repr(text)))
        sys.stderr.flush()
        return text

# other ideas:
# - add date/time for each newline
# - insert newline after: a) timeout b) packet end character

EOL_TRANSFORMATIONS = {
    'crlf': CRLF,
    'cr': CR,
    'lf': LF,
}

TRANSFORMATIONS = {
    'direct': Transform,    # no transformation
    'default': NoTerminal,
    'nocontrol': NoControls,
    'printable': Printable,
    'colorize': Colorize,
    'debug': DebugIO,
}

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
def ask_for_port():
    """\
    Show a list of ports and ask the user for a choice. To make selection
    easier on systems with long device names, also allow the input of an
    index.
    """
    sys.stderr.write('\n--- Available ports:\n')
    ports = []
    for n, (port, desc, hwid) in enumerate(sorted(comports()), 1):
        sys.stderr.write('--- {:2}: {:20} {!r}\n'.format(n, port, desc))
        ports.append(port)
    while True:
        port = raw_input('--- Enter port index or full name: ')
        try:
            index = int(port) - 1
            if not 0 <= index < len(ports):
                sys.stderr.write('--- Invalid index!\n')
                continue
        except ValueError:
            pass
        else:
            port = ports[index]
        return port

class Miniterm(object):
    """\
    Terminal application. Copy data from serial port to console and vice versa.
    Handle special keys from the console to show menu etc.
    """

def __init__(self, serial_instance, echo=False, eol='crlf', filters=()):
        self.console = Console()
        self.serial = serial_instance
        self.echo = echo
        self.raw = False
        self.input_encoding = 'UTF-8'
        self.output_encoding = 'UTF-8'
        self.eol = eol
        self.filters = filters
        self.update_transformations()
        self.exit_character = 0x1d  # GS/CTRL+]
        self.menu_character = 0x14  # Menu: CTRL+T
        self.alive = None
        self._reader_alive = None
        self.receiver_thread = None
        self.rx_decoder = None
        self.tx_decoder = None

def _start_reader(self):
        """Start reader thread"""
        self._reader_alive = True
        # start serial->console thread
        self.receiver_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.reader, name='rx')
        self.receiver_thread.daemon = True
        self.receiver_thread.start()

def _stop_reader(self):
        """Stop reader thread only, wait for clean exit of thread"""
        self._reader_alive = False
        if hasattr(self.serial, 'cancel_read'):
            self.serial.cancel_read()
        self.receiver_thread.join()

def start(self):
        """start worker threads"""
        self.alive = True
        self._start_reader()
        # enter console->serial loop
        self.transmitter_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.writer, name='tx')
        self.transmitter_thread.daemon = True
        self.transmitter_thread.start()
        self.console.setup()

def stop(self):
        """set flag to stop worker threads"""
        self.alive = False

def join(self, transmit_only=False):
        """wait for worker threads to terminate"""
        self.transmitter_thread.join()
        if not transmit_only:
            if hasattr(self.serial, 'cancel_read'):
                self.serial.cancel_read()
            self.receiver_thread.join()

def close(self):
        self.serial.close()

def update_transformations(self):
        """take list of transformation classes and instantiate them for rx and tx"""
        transformations = [EOL_TRANSFORMATIONS[self.eol]] + [TRANSFORMATIONS[f]
                                                             for f in self.filters]
        self.tx_transformations = [t() for t in transformations]
        self.rx_transformations = list(reversed(self.tx_transformations))

def set_rx_encoding(self, encoding, errors='replace'):
        """set encoding for received data"""
        self.input_encoding = encoding
        self.rx_decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder(encoding)(errors)

def set_tx_encoding(self, encoding, errors='replace'):
        """set encoding for transmitted data"""
        self.output_encoding = encoding
        self.tx_encoder = codecs.getincrementalencoder(encoding)(errors)

def dump_port_settings(self):
        """Write current settings to sys.stderr"""
        sys.stderr.write("\n--- Settings: {p.name}  {p.baudrate},{p.bytesize},{p.parity},{p.stopbits}\n".format(
            p=self.serial))
        sys.stderr.write('--- RTS: {:8}  DTR: {:8}  BREAK: {:8}\n'.format(
            ('active' if self.serial.rts else 'inactive'),
            ('active' if self.serial.dtr else 'inactive'),
            ('active' if self.serial.break_condition else 'inactive')))
        try:
            sys.stderr.write('--- CTS: {:8}  DSR: {:8}  RI: {:8}  CD: {:8}\n'.format(
                ('active' if self.serial.cts else 'inactive'),
                ('active' if self.serial.dsr else 'inactive'),
                ('active' if self.serial.ri else 'inactive'),
                ('active' if self.serial.cd else 'inactive')))
        except serial.SerialException:
            # on RFC 2217 ports, it can happen if no modem state notification was
            # yet received. ignore this error.
            pass
        sys.stderr.write('--- software flow control: {}\n'.format('active' if self.serial.xonxoff else 'inactive'))
        sys.stderr.write('--- hardware flow control: {}\n'.format('active' if self.serial.rtscts else 'inactive'))
        sys.stderr.write('--- serial input encoding: {}\n'.format(self.input_encoding))
        sys.stderr.write('--- serial output encoding: {}\n'.format(self.output_encoding))
        sys.stderr.write('--- EOL: {}\n'.format(self.eol.upper()))
        sys.stderr.write('--- filters: {}\n'.format(' '.join(self.filters)))

def reader(self):
        """loop and copy serial->console"""
        try:
            while self.alive and self._reader_alive:
                # read all that is there or wait for one byte
                data = self.serial.read(self.serial.in_waiting or 1)
                if data:
                    if self.raw:
                        self.console.write_bytes(data)
                    else:
                        text = self.rx_decoder.decode(data)
                        for transformation in self.rx_transformations:
                            text = transformation.rx(text)
                        self.console.write(text)
        except serial.SerialException:
            self.alive = False
            self.console.cancel()
            raise       # XXX handle instead of re-raise?

def writer(self):
        """\
        Loop and copy console->serial until self.exit_character character is
        found. When self.menu_character is found, interpret the next key
        locally.
        """
        menu_active = False
        try:
            while self.alive:
                try:
                    c = self.console.getkey()
                except KeyboardInterrupt:
                    c = '\x03'
                if not self.alive:
                    break
                if menu_active:
                    self.handle_menu_key(c)
                    menu_active = False
                elif c == self.menu_character:
                    menu_active = True      # next char will be for menu
                elif c == self.exit_character:
                    self.stop()             # exit app
                    break
                else:
                    #~ if self.raw:
                    text = c
                    for transformation in self.tx_transformations:
                        text = transformation.tx(text)
                    self.serial.write(self.tx_encoder.encode(text))
                    if self.echo:
                        echo_text = c
                        for transformation in self.tx_transformations:
                            echo_text = transformation.echo(echo_text)
                        self.console.write(echo_text)
        except:
            self.alive = False
            raise

def handle_menu_key(self, c):
        """Implement a simple menu / settings"""
        if c == self.menu_character or c == self.exit_character:
            # Menu/exit character again -> send itself
            self.serial.write(self.tx_encoder.encode(c))
            if self.echo:
                self.console.write(c)
        elif c == '\x15':                       # CTRL+U -> upload file
            self.upload_file()
        elif c in '\x08hH?':                    # CTRL+H, h, H, ? -> Show help
            sys.stderr.write(self.get_help_text())
        elif c == '\x12':                       # CTRL+R -> Toggle RTS
            self.serial.rts = not self.serial.rts
            sys.stderr.write('--- RTS {} ---\n'.format('active' if self.serial.rts else 'inactive'))
        elif c == '\x04':                       # CTRL+D -> Toggle DTR
            self.serial.dtr = not self.serial.dtr
            sys.stderr.write('--- DTR {} ---\n'.format('active' if self.serial.dtr else 'inactive'))
        elif c == '\x02':                       # CTRL+B -> toggle BREAK condition
            self.serial.break_condition = not self.serial.break_condition
            sys.stderr.write('--- BREAK {} ---\n'.format('active' if self.serial.break_condition else 'inactive'))
        elif c == '\x05':                       # CTRL+E -> toggle local echo
            self.echo = not self.echo
            sys.stderr.write('--- local echo {} ---\n'.format('active' if self.echo else 'inactive'))
        elif c == '\x06':                       # CTRL+F -> edit filters
            self.change_filter()
        elif c == '\x0c':                       # CTRL+L -> EOL mode
            modes = list(EOL_TRANSFORMATIONS)  # keys
            eol = modes.index(self.eol) + 1
            if eol >= len(modes):
                eol = 0
            self.eol = modes[eol]
            sys.stderr.write('--- EOL: {} ---\n'.format(self.eol.upper()))
            self.update_transformations()
        elif c == '\x01':                       # CTRL+A -> set encoding
            self.change_encoding()
        elif c == '\x09':                       # CTRL+I -> info
            self.dump_port_settings()
        #~ elif c == '\x01':                       # CTRL+A -> cycle escape mode
        #~ elif c == '\x0c':                       # CTRL+L -> cycle linefeed mode
        elif c in 'pP':                         # P -> change port
            self.change_port()
        elif c in 'sS':                         # S -> suspend / open port temporarily
            self.suspend_port()
        elif c in 'bB':                         # B -> change baudrate
            self.change_baudrate()
        elif c == '8':                          # 8 -> change to 8 bits
            self.serial.bytesize = serial.EIGHTBITS
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c == '7':                          # 7 -> change to 8 bits
            self.serial.bytesize = serial.SEVENBITS
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c in 'eE':                         # E -> change to even parity
            self.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_EVEN
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c in 'oO':                         # O -> change to odd parity
            self.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_ODD
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c in 'mM':                         # M -> change to mark parity
            self.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_MARK
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c in 'sS':                         # S -> change to space parity
            self.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_SPACE
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c in 'nN':                         # N -> change to no parity
            self.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_NONE
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c == '1':                          # 1 -> change to 1 stop bits
            self.serial.stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_ONE
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c == '2':                          # 2 -> change to 2 stop bits
            self.serial.stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_TWO
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c == '3':                          # 3 -> change to 1.5 stop bits
            self.serial.stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_ONE_POINT_FIVE
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c in 'xX':                         # X -> change software flow control
            self.serial.xonxoff = (c == 'X')
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c in 'rR':                         # R -> change hardware flow control
            self.serial.rtscts = (c == 'R')
            self.dump_port_settings()
        else:
            sys.stderr.write('--- unknown menu character {} --\n'.format(key_description(c)))

def upload_file(self):
        """Ask user for filenname and send its contents"""
        sys.stderr.write('\n--- File to upload: ')
        sys.stderr.flush()
        with self.console:
            filename = sys.stdin.readline().rstrip('\r\n')
            if filename:
                try:
                    with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
                        sys.stderr.write('--- Sending file {} ---\n'.format(filename))
                        while True:
                            block = f.read(1024)
                            if not block:
                                break
                            self.serial.write(block)
                            # Wait for output buffer to drain.
                            self.serial.flush()
                            sys.stderr.write('.')   # Progress indicator.
                    sys.stderr.write('\n--- File {} sent ---\n'.format(filename))
                except IOError as e:
                    sys.stderr.write('--- ERROR opening file {}: {} ---\n'.format(filename, e))

def change_filter(self):
        """change the i/o transformations"""
        sys.stderr.write('\n--- Available Filters:\n')
        sys.stderr.write('\n'.join(
            '---   {:<10} = {.__doc__}'.format(k, v)
            for k, v in sorted(TRANSFORMATIONS.items())))
        sys.stderr.write('\n--- Enter new filter name(s) [{}]: '.format(' '.join(self.filters)))
        with self.console:
            new_filters = sys.stdin.readline().lower().split()
        if new_filters:
            for f in new_filters:
                if f not in TRANSFORMATIONS:
                    sys.stderr.write('--- unknown filter: {}\n'.format(repr(f)))
                    break
            else:
                self.filters = new_filters
                self.update_transformations()
        sys.stderr.write('--- filters: {}\n'.format(' '.join(self.filters)))

def change_encoding(self):
        """change encoding on the serial port"""
        sys.stderr.write('\n--- Enter new encoding name [{}]: '.format(self.input_encoding))
        with self.console:
            new_encoding = sys.stdin.readline().strip()
        if new_encoding:
            try:
                codecs.lookup(new_encoding)
            except LookupError:
                sys.stderr.write('--- invalid encoding name: {}\n'.format(new_encoding))
            else:
                self.set_rx_encoding(new_encoding)
                self.set_tx_encoding(new_encoding)
        sys.stderr.write('--- serial input encoding: {}\n'.format(self.input_encoding))
        sys.stderr.write('--- serial output encoding: {}\n'.format(self.output_encoding))

def change_baudrate(self):
        """change the baudrate"""
        sys.stderr.write('\n--- Baudrate: ')
        sys.stderr.flush()
        with self.console:
            backup = self.serial.baudrate
            try:
                self.serial.baudrate = int(sys.stdin.readline().strip())
            except ValueError as e:
                sys.stderr.write('--- ERROR setting baudrate: {} ---\n'.format(e))
                self.serial.baudrate = backup
            else:
                self.dump_port_settings()

def change_port(self):
        """Have a conversation with the user to change the serial port"""
        with self.console:
            try:
                port = ask_for_port()
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                port = None
        if port and port != self.serial.port:
            # reader thread needs to be shut down
            self._stop_reader()
            # save settings
            settings = self.serial.getSettingsDict()
            try:
                new_serial = serial.serial_for_url(port, do_not_open=True)
                # restore settings and open
                new_serial.applySettingsDict(settings)
                new_serial.rts = self.serial.rts
                new_serial.dtr = self.serial.dtr
                new_serial.open()
                new_serial.break_condition = self.serial.break_condition
            except Exception as e:
                sys.stderr.write('--- ERROR opening new port: {} ---\n'.format(e))
                new_serial.close()
            else:
                self.serial.close()
                self.serial = new_serial
                sys.stderr.write('--- Port changed to: {} ---\n'.format(self.serial.port))
            # and restart the reader thread
            self._start_reader()

def suspend_port(self):
        """\
        open port temporarily, allow reconnect, exit and port change to get
        out of the loop
        """
        # reader thread needs to be shut down
        self._stop_reader()
        self.serial.close()
        sys.stderr.write('\n--- Port closed: {} ---\n'.format(self.serial.port))
        do_change_port = False
        while not self.serial.is_open:
            sys.stderr.write('--- Quit: {exit} | p: port change | any other key to reconnect ---\n'.format(
                exit=key_description(self.exit_character)))
            k = self.console.getkey()
            if k == self.exit_character:
                self.stop()             # exit app
                break
            elif k in 'pP':
                do_change_port = True
                break
            try:
                self.serial.open()
            except Exception as e:
                sys.stderr.write('--- ERROR opening port: {} ---\n'.format(e))
        if do_change_port:
            self.change_port()
        else:
            # and restart the reader thread
            self._start_reader()
            sys.stderr.write('--- Port opened: {} ---\n'.format(self.serial.port))

def get_help_text(self):
        """return the help text"""
        # help text, starts with blank line!
        return """
--- pySerial ({version}) - miniterm - help
---
--- {exit:8} Exit program
--- {menu:8} Menu escape key, followed by:
--- Menu keys:
---    {menu:7} Send the menu character itself to remote
---    {exit:7} Send the exit character itself to remote
---    {info:7} Show info
---    {upload:7} Upload file (prompt will be shown)
---    {repr:7} encoding
---    {filter:7} edit filters
--- Toggles:
---    {rts:7} RTS   {dtr:7} DTR   {brk:7} BREAK
---    {echo:7} echo  {eol:7} EOL
---
--- Port settings ({menu} followed by the following):
---    p          change port
---    7 8        set data bits
---    N E O S M  change parity (None, Even, Odd, Space, Mark)
---    1 2 3      set stop bits (1, 2, 1.5)
---    b          change baud rate
---    x X        disable/enable software flow control
---    r R        disable/enable hardware flow control
""".format(version=getattr(serial, 'VERSION', 'unknown version'),
           exit=key_description(self.exit_character),
           menu=key_description(self.menu_character),
           rts=key_description('\x12'),
           dtr=key_description('\x04'),
           brk=key_description('\x02'),
           echo=key_description('\x05'),
           info=key_description('\x09'),
           upload=key_description('\x15'),
           repr=key_description('\x01'),
           filter=key_description('\x06'),
           eol=key_description('\x0c'))

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# default args can be used to override when calling main() from an other script
# e.g to create a miniterm-my-device.py
def main(default_port=None, default_baudrate=9600, default_rts=None, default_dtr=None):
    """Command line tool, entry point"""

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description="Miniterm - A simple terminal program for the serial port.")

parser.add_argument(
        "port",
        nargs='?',
        help="serial port name ('-' to show port list)",
        default=default_port)

parser.add_argument(
        "baudrate",
        nargs='?',
        type=int,
        help="set baud rate, default: %(default)s",
        default=default_baudrate)

group = parser.add_argument_group("port settings")

group.add_argument(
        "--parity",
        choices=['N', 'E', 'O', 'S', 'M'],
        type=lambda c: c.upper(),
        help="set parity, one of {N E O S M}, default: N",
        default='N')

group.add_argument(
        "--rtscts",
        action="store_true",
        help="enable RTS/CTS flow control (default off)",
        default=False)

group.add_argument(
        "--xonxoff",
        action="store_true",
        help="enable software flow control (default off)",
        default=False)

group.add_argument(
        "--rts",
        type=int,
        help="set initial RTS line state (possible values: 0, 1)",
        default=default_rts)

group.add_argument(
        "--dtr",
        type=int,
        help="set initial DTR line state (possible values: 0, 1)",
        default=default_dtr)

group.add_argument(
        "--ask",
        action="store_true",
        help="ask again for port when open fails",
        default=False)

group = parser.add_argument_group("data handling")

group.add_argument(
        "-e", "--echo",
        action="store_true",
        help="enable local echo (default off)",
        default=False)

group.add_argument(
        "--encoding",
        dest="serial_port_encoding",
        metavar="CODEC",
        help="set the encoding for the serial port (e.g. hexlify, Latin1, UTF-8), default: %(default)s",
        default='UTF-8')

group.add_argument(
        "-f", "--filter",
        action="append",
        metavar="NAME",
        help="add text transformation",
        default=[])

group.add_argument(
        "--eol",
        choices=['CR', 'LF', 'CRLF'],
        type=lambda c: c.upper(),
        help="end of line mode",
        default='CRLF')

group.add_argument(
        "--raw",
        action="store_true",
        help="Do no apply any encodings/transformations",
        default=False)

group = parser.add_argument_group("hotkeys")

group.add_argument(
        "--exit-char",
        type=int,
        metavar='NUM',
        help="Unicode of special character that is used to exit the application, default: %(default)s",
        default=0x1d)  # GS/CTRL+]

group.add_argument(
        "--menu-char",
        type=int,
        metavar='NUM',
        help="Unicode code of special character that is used to control miniterm (menu), default: %(default)s",
        default=0x14)  # Menu: CTRL+T

group = parser.add_argument_group("diagnostics")

group.add_argument(
        "-q", "--quiet",
        action="store_true",
        help="suppress non-error messages",
        default=False)

group.add_argument(
        "--develop",
        action="store_true",
        help="show Python traceback on error",
        default=False)

args = parser.parse_args()

if args.menu_char == args.exit_char:
        parser.error('--exit-char can not be the same as --menu-char')

if args.filter:
        if 'help' in args.filter:
            sys.stderr.write('Available filters:\n')
            sys.stderr.write('\n'.join(
                '{:<10} = {.__doc__}'.format(k, v)
                for k, v in sorted(TRANSFORMATIONS.items())))
            sys.stderr.write('\n')
            sys.exit(1)
        filters = args.filter
    else:
        filters = ['default']

while True:
        # no port given on command line -> ask user now
        if args.port is None or args.port == '-':
            try:
                args.port = ask_for_port()
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                sys.stderr.write('\n')
                parser.error('user aborted and port is not given')
            else:
                if not args.port:
                    parser.error('port is not given')
        try:
            serial_instance = serial.serial_for_url(
                args.port,
                args.baudrate,
                parity=args.parity,
                rtscts=args.rtscts,
                xonxoff=args.xonxoff,
                do_not_open=True)

if not hasattr(serial_instance, 'cancel_read'):
                # enable timeout for alive flag polling if cancel_read is not available
                serial_instance.timeout = 1

if args.dtr is not None:
                if not args.quiet:
                    sys.stderr.write('--- forcing DTR {}\n'.format('active' if args.dtr else 'inactive'))
                serial_instance.dtr = args.dtr
            if args.rts is not None:
                if not args.quiet:
                    sys.stderr.write('--- forcing RTS {}\n'.format('active' if args.rts else 'inactive'))
                serial_instance.rts = args.rts

serial_instance.open()
        except serial.SerialException as e:
            sys.stderr.write('could not open port {}: {}\n'.format(repr(args.port), e))
            if args.develop:
                raise
            if not args.ask:
                sys.exit(1)
            else:
                args.port = '-'
        else:
            break

miniterm = Miniterm(
        serial_instance,
        echo=args.echo,
        eol=args.eol.lower(),
        filters=filters)
    miniterm.exit_character = unichr(args.exit_char)
    miniterm.menu_character = unichr(args.menu_char)
    miniterm.raw = args.raw
    miniterm.set_rx_encoding(args.serial_port_encoding)
    miniterm.set_tx_encoding(args.serial_port_encoding)

if not args.quiet:
        sys.stderr.write('--- Miniterm on {p.name}  {p.baudrate},{p.bytesize},{p.parity},{p.stopbits} ---\n'.format(
            p=miniterm.serial))
        sys.stderr.write('--- Quit: {} | Menu: {} | Help: {} followed by {} ---\n'.format(
            key_description(miniterm.exit_character),
            key_description(miniterm.menu_character),
            key_description(miniterm.menu_character),
            key_description('\x08')))

miniterm.start()
    try:
        miniterm.join(True)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass
    if not args.quiet:
        sys.stderr.write("\n--- exit ---\n")
    miniterm.join()
    miniterm.close()

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

cmd: