FM / python3.12

/snap/core24/1587/usr/lib/python3.12

Name	Size	Mode	Actions
asyncio/	-	0755	rm
collections/	-	0755	rm
concurrent/	-	0755	rm
ctypes/	-	0755	rm
curses/	-	0755	rm
dbm/	-	0755	rm
email/	-	0755	rm
encodings/	-	0755	rm
html/	-	0755	rm
http/	-	0755	rm
importlib/	-	0755	rm
json/	-	0755	rm
lib-dynload/	-	0755	rm
logging/	-	0755	rm
multiprocessing/	-	0755	rm
pydoc_data/	-	0755	rm
re/	-	0755	rm
sqlite3/	-	0755	rm
test/	-	0755	rm
tomllib/	-	0755	rm
unittest/	-	0755	rm
urllib/	-	0755	rm
venv/	-	0755	rm
wsgiref/	-	0755	rm
xml/	-	0755	rm
xmlrpc/	-	0755	rm
zipfile/	-	0755	rm
zoneinfo/	-	0755	rm
__phello__/	-	0755	rm
__pycache__/	-	0755	rm
abc.py	6538	0644	edit dl rm
aifc.py	34211	0644	edit dl rm
antigravity.py	500	0644	edit dl rm
argparse.py	101750	0644	edit dl rm
ast.py	64260	0644	edit dl rm
base64.py	20602	0755	edit dl rm
bdb.py	32463	0644	edit dl rm
bisect.py	3423	0644	edit dl rm
bz2.py	11847	0644	edit dl rm
calendar.py	25418	0644	edit dl rm
cgi.py	34418	0755	edit dl rm
cgitb.py	12421	0644	edit dl rm
chunk.py	5500	0644	edit dl rm
cmd.py	14873	0644	edit dl rm
code.py	10695	0644	edit dl rm
codecs.py	36870	0644	edit dl rm
codeop.py	5908	0644	edit dl rm
colorsys.py	4062	0644	edit dl rm
compileall.py	20598	0644	edit dl rm
configparser.py	53789	0644	edit dl rm
contextlib.py	27637	0644	edit dl rm
contextvars.py	129	0644	edit dl rm
copy.py	8412	0644	edit dl rm
copyreg.py	7614	0644	edit dl rm
cProfile.py	6555	0755	edit dl rm
crypt.py	3913	0644	edit dl rm
csv.py	16386	0644	edit dl rm
dataclasses.py	61753	0644	edit dl rm
datetime.py	268	0644	edit dl rm
decimal.py	320	0644	edit dl rm
difflib.py	83308	0644	edit dl rm
dis.py	30209	0644	edit dl rm
doctest.py	106479	0644	edit dl rm
enum.py	81636	0644	edit dl rm
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filecmp.py	10187	0644	edit dl rm
fileinput.py	15714	0644	edit dl rm
fnmatch.py	5999	0644	edit dl rm
fractions.py	38067	0644	edit dl rm
ftplib.py	34735	0644	edit dl rm
functools.py	38126	0644	edit dl rm
genericpath.py	5572	0644	edit dl rm
getopt.py	7488	0644	edit dl rm
getpass.py	5990	0644	edit dl rm
gettext.py	21747	0644	edit dl rm
glob.py	8732	0644	edit dl rm
graphlib.py	9656	0644	edit dl rm
gzip.py	24859	0644	edit dl rm
hashlib.py	9349	0644	edit dl rm
heapq.py	23024	0644	edit dl rm
hmac.py	7716	0644	edit dl rm
imaplib.py	53688	0644	edit dl rm
imghdr.py	4398	0644	edit dl rm
inspect.py	125420	0644	edit dl rm
io.py	3582	0644	edit dl rm
ipaddress.py	78294	0644	edit dl rm
keyword.py	1073	0644	edit dl rm
LICENSE.txt	13936	0644	edit dl rm
linecache.py	5649	0644	edit dl rm
locale.py	78562	0644	edit dl rm
lzma.py	13277	0644	edit dl rm
mailbox.py	78911	0644	edit dl rm
mailcap.py	9333	0644	edit dl rm
mimetypes.py	22888	0644	edit dl rm
modulefinder.py	23699	0644	edit dl rm
netrc.py	6922	0644	edit dl rm
nntplib.py	41087	0644	edit dl rm
ntpath.py	30027	0644	edit dl rm
nturl2path.py	2887	0644	edit dl rm
numbers.py	11467	0644	edit dl rm
opcode.py	13174	0644	edit dl rm
operator.py	10965	0644	edit dl rm
optparse.py	60369	0644	edit dl rm
os.py	39786	0644	edit dl rm
pathlib.py	51153	0644	edit dl rm
pdb.py	69459	0755	edit dl rm
pickle.py	64901	0644	edit dl rm
pickletools.py	93861	0644	edit dl rm
pipes.py	8978	0644	edit dl rm
pkgutil.py	18281	0644	edit dl rm
platform.py	43331	0755	edit dl rm
plistlib.py	28582	0644	edit dl rm
poplib.py	14163	0644	edit dl rm
posixpath.py	17623	0644	edit dl rm
pprint.py	24158	0644	edit dl rm
profile.py	23092	0755	edit dl rm
pstats.py	29289	0644	edit dl rm
pty.py	6137	0644	edit dl rm
pyclbr.py	11396	0644	edit dl rm
pydoc.py	113090	0755	edit dl rm
py_compile.py	7878	0644	edit dl rm
queue.py	11496	0644	edit dl rm
quopri.py	7183	0755	edit dl rm
random.py	34683	0644	edit dl rm
reprlib.py	6569	0644	edit dl rm
rlcompleter.py	7827	0644	edit dl rm
runpy.py	12898	0644	edit dl rm
sched.py	6351	0644	edit dl rm
secrets.py	1984	0644	edit dl rm
selectors.py	19671	0644	edit dl rm
shelve.py	8560	0644	edit dl rm
shlex.py	13353	0644	edit dl rm
shutil.py	58120	0644	edit dl rm
signal.py	2495	0644	edit dl rm
site.py	23903	0644	edit dl rm
sitecustomize.py	-	0	edit dl rm
smtplib.py	43531	0755	edit dl rm
sndhdr.py	7448	0644	edit dl rm
socket.py	37411	0644	edit dl rm
socketserver.py	27851	0644	edit dl rm
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this.py	1003	0644	edit dl rm
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token.py	2479	0644	edit dl rm
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trace.py	29182	0755	edit dl rm
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tracemalloc.py	18047	0644	edit dl rm
tty.py	2035	0644	edit dl rm
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types.py	10993	0644	edit dl rm
typing.py	117428	0644	edit dl rm
uu.py	7364	0755	edit dl rm
uuid.py	29656	0644	edit dl rm
warnings.py	21760	0644	edit dl rm
wave.py	22769	0644	edit dl rm
weakref.py	21513	0644	edit dl rm
webbrowser.py	23627	0755	edit dl rm
xdrlib.py	5942	0644	edit dl rm
zipapp.py	7543	0644	edit dl rm
zipimport.py	28132	0644	edit dl rm
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_weakrefset.py	5893	0644	edit dl rm
__future__.py	5218	0644	edit dl rm
__hello__.py	227	0644	edit dl rm

Edit: /snap/core24/1587/usr/lib/python3.12/webbrowser.py (23627B)

#! /usr/bin/python3.12
"""Interfaces for launching and remotely controlling web browsers."""
# Maintained by Georg Brandl.

import os
import shlex
import shutil
import sys
import subprocess
import threading
import warnings

__all__ = ["Error", "open", "open_new", "open_new_tab", "get", "register"]

class Error(Exception):
    pass

_lock = threading.RLock()
_browsers = {}                  # Dictionary of available browser controllers
_tryorder = None                # Preference order of available browsers
_os_preferred_browser = None    # The preferred browser

def register(name, klass, instance=None, *, preferred=False):
    """Register a browser connector."""
    with _lock:
        if _tryorder is None:
            register_standard_browsers()
        _browsers[name.lower()] = [klass, instance]

# Preferred browsers go to the front of the list.
        # Need to match to the default browser returned by xdg-settings, which
        # may be of the form e.g. "firefox.desktop".
        if preferred or (_os_preferred_browser and name in _os_preferred_browser):
            _tryorder.insert(0, name)
        else:
            _tryorder.append(name)

def get(using=None):
    """Return a browser launcher instance appropriate for the environment."""
    if _tryorder is None:
        with _lock:
            if _tryorder is None:
                register_standard_browsers()
    if using is not None:
        alternatives = [using]
    else:
        alternatives = _tryorder
    for browser in alternatives:
        if '%s' in browser:
            # User gave us a command line, split it into name and args
            browser = shlex.split(browser)
            if browser[-1] == '&':
                return BackgroundBrowser(browser[:-1])
            else:
                return GenericBrowser(browser)
        else:
            # User gave us a browser name or path.
            try:
                command = _browsers[browser.lower()]
            except KeyError:
                command = _synthesize(browser)
            if command[1] is not None:
                return command[1]
            elif command[0] is not None:
                return command[0]()
    raise Error("could not locate runnable browser")

# Please note: the following definition hides a builtin function.
# It is recommended one does "import webbrowser" and uses webbrowser.open(url)
# instead of "from webbrowser import *".

def open(url, new=0, autoraise=True):
    """Display url using the default browser.

If possible, open url in a location determined by new.
    - 0: the same browser window (the default).
    - 1: a new browser window.
    - 2: a new browser page ("tab").
    If possible, autoraise raises the window (the default) or not.
    """
    if _tryorder is None:
        with _lock:
            if _tryorder is None:
                register_standard_browsers()
    for name in _tryorder:
        browser = get(name)
        if browser.open(url, new, autoraise):
            return True
    return False

def open_new(url):
    """Open url in a new window of the default browser.

If not possible, then open url in the only browser window.
    """
    return open(url, 1)

def open_new_tab(url):
    """Open url in a new page ("tab") of the default browser.

If not possible, then the behavior becomes equivalent to open_new().
    """
    return open(url, 2)

def _synthesize(browser, *, preferred=False):
    """Attempt to synthesize a controller based on existing controllers.

This is useful to create a controller when a user specifies a path to
    an entry in the BROWSER environment variable -- we can copy a general
    controller to operate using a specific installation of the desired
    browser in this way.

If we can't create a controller in this way, or if there is no
    executable for the requested browser, return [None, None].

"""
    cmd = browser.split()[0]
    if not shutil.which(cmd):
        return [None, None]
    name = os.path.basename(cmd)
    try:
        command = _browsers[name.lower()]
    except KeyError:
        return [None, None]
    # now attempt to clone to fit the new name:
    controller = command[1]
    if controller and name.lower() == controller.basename:
        import copy
        controller = copy.copy(controller)
        controller.name = browser
        controller.basename = os.path.basename(browser)
        register(browser, None, instance=controller, preferred=preferred)
        return [None, controller]
    return [None, None]

# General parent classes

class BaseBrowser(object):
    """Parent class for all browsers. Do not use directly."""

args = ['%s']

def __init__(self, name=""):
        self.name = name
        self.basename = name

def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
        raise NotImplementedError

def open_new(self, url):
        return self.open(url, 1)

def open_new_tab(self, url):
        return self.open(url, 2)

class GenericBrowser(BaseBrowser):
    """Class for all browsers started with a command
       and without remote functionality."""

def __init__(self, name):
        if isinstance(name, str):
            self.name = name
            self.args = ["%s"]
        else:
            # name should be a list with arguments
            self.name = name[0]
            self.args = name[1:]
        self.basename = os.path.basename(self.name)

def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
        sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
        cmdline = [self.name] + [arg.replace("%s", url)
                                 for arg in self.args]
        try:
            if sys.platform[:3] == 'win':
                p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline)
            else:
                p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True)
            return not p.wait()
        except OSError:
            return False

class BackgroundBrowser(GenericBrowser):
    """Class for all browsers which are to be started in the
       background."""

def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
        cmdline = [self.name] + [arg.replace("%s", url)
                                 for arg in self.args]
        sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
        try:
            if sys.platform[:3] == 'win':
                p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline)
            else:
                p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True,
                                     start_new_session=True)
            return (p.poll() is None)
        except OSError:
            return False

class UnixBrowser(BaseBrowser):
    """Parent class for all Unix browsers with remote functionality."""

raise_opts = None
    background = False
    redirect_stdout = True
    # In remote_args, %s will be replaced with the requested URL.  %action will
    # be replaced depending on the value of 'new' passed to open.
    # remote_action is used for new=0 (open).  If newwin is not None, it is
    # used for new=1 (open_new).  If newtab is not None, it is used for
    # new=3 (open_new_tab).  After both substitutions are made, any empty
    # strings in the transformed remote_args list will be removed.
    remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
    remote_action = None
    remote_action_newwin = None
    remote_action_newtab = None

def _invoke(self, args, remote, autoraise, url=None):
        raise_opt = []
        if remote and self.raise_opts:
            # use autoraise argument only for remote invocation
            autoraise = int(autoraise)
            opt = self.raise_opts[autoraise]
            if opt: raise_opt = [opt]

cmdline = [self.name] + raise_opt + args

if remote or self.background:
            inout = subprocess.DEVNULL
        else:
            # for TTY browsers, we need stdin/out
            inout = None
        p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True, stdin=inout,
                             stdout=(self.redirect_stdout and inout or None),
                             stderr=inout, start_new_session=True)
        if remote:
            # wait at most five seconds. If the subprocess is not finished, the
            # remote invocation has (hopefully) started a new instance.
            try:
                rc = p.wait(5)
                # if remote call failed, open() will try direct invocation
                return not rc
            except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
                return True
        elif self.background:
            if p.poll() is None:
                return True
            else:
                return False
        else:
            return not p.wait()

def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
        sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
        if new == 0:
            action = self.remote_action
        elif new == 1:
            action = self.remote_action_newwin
        elif new == 2:
            if self.remote_action_newtab is None:
                action = self.remote_action_newwin
            else:
                action = self.remote_action_newtab
        else:
            raise Error("Bad 'new' parameter to open(); " +
                        "expected 0, 1, or 2, got %s" % new)

args = [arg.replace("%s", url).replace("%action", action)
                for arg in self.remote_args]
        args = [arg for arg in args if arg]
        success = self._invoke(args, True, autoraise, url)
        if not success:
            # remote invocation failed, try straight way
            args = [arg.replace("%s", url) for arg in self.args]
            return self._invoke(args, False, False)
        else:
            return True

class Mozilla(UnixBrowser):
    """Launcher class for Mozilla browsers."""

remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
    remote_action = ""
    remote_action_newwin = "-new-window"
    remote_action_newtab = "-new-tab"
    background = True

class Epiphany(UnixBrowser):
    """Launcher class for Epiphany browser."""

raise_opts = ["-noraise", ""]
    remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
    remote_action = "-n"
    remote_action_newwin = "-w"
    background = True

class Chrome(UnixBrowser):
    "Launcher class for Google Chrome browser."

remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
    remote_action = ""
    remote_action_newwin = "--new-window"
    remote_action_newtab = ""
    background = True

Chromium = Chrome

class Opera(UnixBrowser):
    "Launcher class for Opera browser."

remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
    remote_action = ""
    remote_action_newwin = "--new-window"
    remote_action_newtab = ""
    background = True

class Elinks(UnixBrowser):
    "Launcher class for Elinks browsers."

remote_args = ['-remote', 'openURL(%s%action)']
    remote_action = ""
    remote_action_newwin = ",new-window"
    remote_action_newtab = ",new-tab"
    background = False

# elinks doesn't like its stdout to be redirected -
    # it uses redirected stdout as a signal to do -dump
    redirect_stdout = False

class Konqueror(BaseBrowser):
    """Controller for the KDE File Manager (kfm, or Konqueror).

See the output of ``kfmclient --commands``
    for more information on the Konqueror remote-control interface.
    """

def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
        sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
        # XXX Currently I know no way to prevent KFM from opening a new win.
        if new == 2:
            action = "newTab"
        else:
            action = "openURL"

devnull = subprocess.DEVNULL

try:
            p = subprocess.Popen(["kfmclient", action, url],
                                 close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
                                 stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
        except OSError:
            # fall through to next variant
            pass
        else:
            p.wait()
            # kfmclient's return code unfortunately has no meaning as it seems
            return True

try:
            p = subprocess.Popen(["konqueror", "--silent", url],
                                 close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
                                 stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull,
                                 start_new_session=True)
        except OSError:
            # fall through to next variant
            pass
        else:
            if p.poll() is None:
                # Should be running now.
                return True

try:
            p = subprocess.Popen(["kfm", "-d", url],
                                 close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
                                 stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull,
                                 start_new_session=True)
        except OSError:
            return False
        else:
            return (p.poll() is None)

class Edge(UnixBrowser):
    "Launcher class for Microsoft Edge browser."

remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
    remote_action = ""
    remote_action_newwin = "--new-window"
    remote_action_newtab = ""
    background = True

#
# Platform support for Unix
#

# These are the right tests because all these Unix browsers require either
# a console terminal or an X display to run.

def register_X_browsers():

# use xdg-open if around
    if shutil.which("xdg-open"):
        register("xdg-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("xdg-open"))

# Opens an appropriate browser for the URL scheme according to
    # freedesktop.org settings (GNOME, KDE, XFCE, etc.)
    if shutil.which("gio"):
        register("gio", None, BackgroundBrowser(["gio", "open", "--", "%s"]))

# Equivalent of gio open before 2015
    if "GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID" in os.environ and shutil.which("gvfs-open"):
        register("gvfs-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("gvfs-open"))

# The default KDE browser
    if "KDE_FULL_SESSION" in os.environ and shutil.which("kfmclient"):
        register("kfmclient", Konqueror, Konqueror("kfmclient"))

# Common symbolic link for the default X11 browser
    if shutil.which("x-www-browser"):
        register("x-www-browser", None, BackgroundBrowser("x-www-browser"))

# The Mozilla browsers
    for browser in ("firefox", "iceweasel", "seamonkey", "mozilla-firefox",
                    "mozilla"):
        if shutil.which(browser):
            register(browser, None, Mozilla(browser))

# Konqueror/kfm, the KDE browser.
    if shutil.which("kfm"):
        register("kfm", Konqueror, Konqueror("kfm"))
    elif shutil.which("konqueror"):
        register("konqueror", Konqueror, Konqueror("konqueror"))

# Gnome's Epiphany
    if shutil.which("epiphany"):
        register("epiphany", None, Epiphany("epiphany"))

# Google Chrome/Chromium browsers
    for browser in ("google-chrome", "chrome", "chromium", "chromium-browser"):
        if shutil.which(browser):
            register(browser, None, Chrome(browser))

# Opera, quite popular
    if shutil.which("opera"):
        register("opera", None, Opera("opera"))

if shutil.which("microsoft-edge"):
        register("microsoft-edge", None, Edge("microsoft-edge"))

def register_standard_browsers():
    global _tryorder
    _tryorder = []

if sys.platform == 'darwin':
        register("MacOSX", None, MacOSXOSAScript('default'))
        register("chrome", None, MacOSXOSAScript('chrome'))
        register("firefox", None, MacOSXOSAScript('firefox'))
        register("safari", None, MacOSXOSAScript('safari'))
        # OS X can use below Unix support (but we prefer using the OS X
        # specific stuff)

if sys.platform == "serenityos":
        # SerenityOS webbrowser, simply called "Browser".
        register("Browser", None, BackgroundBrowser("Browser"))

if sys.platform[:3] == "win":
        # First try to use the default Windows browser
        register("windows-default", WindowsDefault)

# Detect some common Windows browsers, fallback to Microsoft Edge
        # location in 64-bit Windows
        edge64 = os.path.join(os.environ.get("PROGRAMFILES(x86)", "C:\\Program Files (x86)"),
                              "Microsoft\\Edge\\Application\\msedge.exe")
        # location in 32-bit Windows
        edge32 = os.path.join(os.environ.get("PROGRAMFILES", "C:\\Program Files"),
                              "Microsoft\\Edge\\Application\\msedge.exe")
        for browser in ("firefox", "seamonkey", "mozilla", "chrome",
                        "opera", edge64, edge32):
            if shutil.which(browser):
                register(browser, None, BackgroundBrowser(browser))
        if shutil.which("MicrosoftEdge.exe"):
            register("microsoft-edge", None, Edge("MicrosoftEdge.exe"))
    else:
        # Prefer X browsers if present
        if os.environ.get("DISPLAY") or os.environ.get("WAYLAND_DISPLAY"):
            try:
                cmd = "xdg-settings get default-web-browser".split()
                raw_result = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
                result = raw_result.decode().strip()
            except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.CalledProcessError, PermissionError, NotADirectoryError) :
                pass
            else:
                global _os_preferred_browser
                _os_preferred_browser = result

register_X_browsers()

# Also try console browsers
        if os.environ.get("TERM"):
            # Common symbolic link for the default text-based browser
            if shutil.which("www-browser"):
                register("www-browser", None, GenericBrowser("www-browser"))
            # The Links/elinks browsers <http://links.twibright.com/>
            if shutil.which("links"):
                register("links", None, GenericBrowser("links"))
            if shutil.which("elinks"):
                register("elinks", None, Elinks("elinks"))
            # The Lynx browser <https://lynx.invisible-island.net/>, <http://lynx.browser.org/>
            if shutil.which("lynx"):
                register("lynx", None, GenericBrowser("lynx"))
            # The w3m browser <http://w3m.sourceforge.net/>
            if shutil.which("w3m"):
                register("w3m", None, GenericBrowser("w3m"))

# OK, now that we know what the default preference orders for each
    # platform are, allow user to override them with the BROWSER variable.
    if "BROWSER" in os.environ:
        userchoices = os.environ["BROWSER"].split(os.pathsep)
        userchoices.reverse()

# Treat choices in same way as if passed into get() but do register
        # and prepend to _tryorder
        for cmdline in userchoices:
            if cmdline != '':
                cmd = _synthesize(cmdline, preferred=True)
                if cmd[1] is None:
                    register(cmdline, None, GenericBrowser(cmdline), preferred=True)

# what to do if _tryorder is now empty?

#
# Platform support for Windows
#

if sys.platform[:3] == "win":
    class WindowsDefault(BaseBrowser):
        def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
            sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
            try:
                os.startfile(url)
            except OSError:
                # [Error 22] No application is associated with the specified
                # file for this operation: '<URL>'
                return False
            else:
                return True

#
# Platform support for MacOS
#

if sys.platform == 'darwin':
    # Adapted from patch submitted to SourceForge by Steven J. Burr
    class MacOSX(BaseBrowser):
        """Launcher class for Aqua browsers on Mac OS X

Optionally specify a browser name on instantiation.  Note that this
        will not work for Aqua browsers if the user has moved the application
        package after installation.

If no browser is specified, the default browser, as specified in the
        Internet System Preferences panel, will be used.
        """
        def __init__(self, name):
            warnings.warn(f'{self.__class__.__name__} is deprecated in 3.11'
                          ' use MacOSXOSAScript instead.', DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
            self.name = name

def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
            sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
            assert "'" not in url
            # hack for local urls
            if not ':' in url:
                url = 'file:'+url

# new must be 0 or 1
            new = int(bool(new))
            if self.name == "default":
                # User called open, open_new or get without a browser parameter
                script = 'open location "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22') # opens in default browser
            else:
                # User called get and chose a browser
                if self.name == "OmniWeb":
                    toWindow = ""
                else:
                    # Include toWindow parameter of OpenURL command for browsers
                    # that support it.  0 == new window; -1 == existing
                    toWindow = "toWindow %d" % (new - 1)
                cmd = 'OpenURL "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22')
                script = '''tell application "%s"
                                activate
                                %s %s
                            end tell''' % (self.name, cmd, toWindow)
            # Open pipe to AppleScript through osascript command
            osapipe = os.popen("osascript", "w")
            if osapipe is None:
                return False
            # Write script to osascript's stdin
            osapipe.write(script)
            rc = osapipe.close()
            return not rc

class MacOSXOSAScript(BaseBrowser):
        def __init__(self, name='default'):
            super().__init__(name)

@property
        def _name(self):
            warnings.warn(f'{self.__class__.__name__}._name is deprecated in 3.11'
                          f' use {self.__class__.__name__}.name instead.',
                          DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
            return self.name

@_name.setter
        def _name(self, val):
            warnings.warn(f'{self.__class__.__name__}._name is deprecated in 3.11'
                          f' use {self.__class__.__name__}.name instead.',
                          DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
            self.name = val

def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
            sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
            if self.name == 'default':
                script = 'open location "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22') # opens in default browser
            else:
                script = f'''
                   tell application "%s"
                       activate
                       open location "%s"
                   end
                   '''%(self.name, url.replace('"', '%22'))

osapipe = os.popen("osascript", "w")
            if osapipe is None:
                return False

osapipe.write(script)
            rc = osapipe.close()
            return not rc

def main():
    import getopt
    usage = """Usage: %s [-n | -t | -h] url
    -n: open new window
    -t: open new tab
    -h, --help: show help""" % sys.argv[0]
    try:
        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'ntdh',['help'])
    except getopt.error as msg:
        print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
        print(usage, file=sys.stderr)
        sys.exit(1)
    new_win = 0
    for o, a in opts:
        if o == '-n': new_win = 1
        elif o == '-t': new_win = 2
        elif o == '-h' or o == '--help':
            print(usage, file=sys.stderr)
            sys.exit()
    if len(args) != 1:
        print(usage, file=sys.stderr)
        sys.exit(1)

url = args[0]
    open(url, new_win)

print("\a")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

cmd: