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contification.scm
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effects-analysis.scm
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/usr/share/guile/3.0/language/cps/effects-analysis.scm
(25138B)
;;; Effects analysis on CPS ;; Copyright (C) 2011-2015,2017-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ;;;; This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or ;;;; modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public ;;;; License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either ;;;; version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. ;;;; ;;;; This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ;;;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ;;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU ;;;; Lesser General Public License for more details. ;;;; ;;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public ;;;; License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software ;;;; Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA ;;; Commentary: ;;; ;;; A helper module to compute the set of effects caused by an ;;; expression. This information is useful when writing algorithms that ;;; move code around, while preserving the semantics of an input ;;; program. ;;; ;;; The effects set is represented as an integer with three parts. The ;;; low 4 bits indicate effects caused by an expression, as a bitfield. ;;; The next 4 bits indicate the kind of memory accessed by the ;;; expression, if it accesses mutable memory. Finally the rest of the ;;; bits indicate the field in the object being accessed, if known, or ;;; -1 for unknown. ;;; ;;; In this way we embed a coarse type-based alias analysis in the ;;; effects analysis. For example, a "car" call is modelled as causing ;;; a read to field 0 on a &pair, and causing a &type-check effect. If ;;; any intervening code sets the car of any pair, that will block ;;; motion of the "car" call, because any write to field 0 of a pair is ;;; seen by effects analysis as being a write to field 0 of all pairs. ;;; ;;; Code: (define-module (language cps effects-analysis) #:use-module (language cps) #:use-module (language cps utils) #:use-module (language cps intset) #:use-module (language cps intmap) #:use-module (ice-9 match) #:export (expression-effects compute-effects synthesize-definition-effects &allocation &type-check &read &write &fluid &prompt &vector &box &module &struct &string &thread &bytevector &closure &header &object &field &allocate &read-object &read-field &write-object &write-field &no-effects &all-effects causes-effect? causes-all-effects? effect-clobbers? compute-clobber-map)) (define-syntax define-flags (lambda (x) (syntax-case x () ((_ all shift name ...) (let ((count (length #'(name ...)))) (with-syntax (((n ...) (iota count)) (count count)) #'(begin (define-syntax name (identifier-syntax (ash 1 n))) ... (define-syntax all (identifier-syntax (1- (ash 1 count)))) (define-syntax shift (identifier-syntax count))))))))) (define-syntax define-enumeration (lambda (x) (define (count-bits n) (let lp ((out 1)) (if (< n (ash 1 (1- out))) out (lp (1+ out))))) (syntax-case x () ((_ mask shift name ...) (let* ((len (length #'(name ...))) (bits (count-bits len))) (with-syntax (((n ...) (iota len)) (bits bits)) #'(begin (define-syntax name (identifier-syntax n)) ... (define-syntax mask (identifier-syntax (1- (ash 1 bits)))) (define-syntax shift (identifier-syntax bits))))))))) (define-flags &all-effect-kinds &effect-kind-bits ;; Indicates that an expression may cause a type check. A type check, ;; for the purposes of this analysis, is the possibility of throwing ;; an exception the first time an expression is evaluated. If the ;; expression did not cause an exception to be thrown, users can ;; assume that evaluating the expression again will not cause an ;; exception to be thrown. ;; ;; For example, (+ x y) might throw if X or Y are not numbers. But if ;; it doesn't throw, it should be safe to elide a dominated, common ;; subexpression (+ x y). &type-check ;; Indicates that an expression may return a fresh object. The kind ;; of object is indicated in the object kind field. &allocation ;; Indicates that an expression may cause a read from memory. The ;; kind of memory is given in the object kind field. Some object ;; kinds have finer-grained fields; those are expressed in the "field" ;; part of the effects value. -1 indicates "the whole object". &read ;; Indicates that an expression may cause a write to memory. &write) (define-enumeration &memory-kind-mask &memory-kind-bits ;; Indicates than an expression may access unknown kinds of memory. &unknown-memory-kinds ;; Indicates that an expression depends on the value of a fluid ;; variable, or on the current fluid environment. &fluid ;; Indicates that an expression depends on the current prompt ;; stack. &prompt ;; Indicates that an expression depends on the value of the car or cdr ;; of a pair. &pair ;; Indicates that an expression depends on the value of a vector ;; field. The effect field indicates the specific field, or zero for ;; an unknown field. &vector ;; Indicates that an expression depends on the value of a variable ;; cell. &box ;; Indicates that an expression depends on the current module. &module ;; Indicates that an expression depends on the current thread. &thread ;; Indicates that an expression depends on the value of a struct ;; field. The effect field indicates the specific field, or zero for ;; an unknown field. &struct ;; Indicates that an expression depends on the contents of a string. &string ;; Indicates that an expression depends on the contents of a ;; bytevector. We cannot be more precise, as bytevectors may alias ;; other bytevectors. &bytevector ;; Indicates a dependency on a free variable of a closure. &closure ;; Indicates a dependency on a raw bitmask, measured in 32-bit units. &bitmask ;; Indicates a dependency on the value of a cache cell. &cache ;; Indicates that an expression depends on a value extracted from the ;; fixed, unchanging part of an object -- for example the length of a ;; vector or the vtable of a struct. &header) (define-inlinable (&field kind field) (ash (logior (ash field &memory-kind-bits) kind) &effect-kind-bits)) (define-inlinable (&object kind) (&field kind -1)) (define-inlinable (&allocate kind) (logior &allocation (&object kind))) (define-inlinable (&read-field kind field) (logior &read (&field kind field))) (define-inlinable (&read-object kind) (logior &read (&object kind))) (define-inlinable (&write-field kind field) (logior &write (&field kind field))) (define-inlinable (&write-object kind) (logior &write (&object kind))) (define-syntax &no-effects (identifier-syntax 0)) (define-syntax &all-effects (identifier-syntax (logior &all-effect-kinds (&object &unknown-memory-kinds)))) (define-inlinable (causes-effect? x effects) (not (zero? (logand x effects)))) (define-inlinable (causes-all-effects? x) (eqv? x &all-effects)) (define (effect-clobbers? a b) "Return true if A clobbers B. This is the case if A is a write, and B is or might be a read or a write to the same location as A." (define (locations-same?) (let ((a (ash a (- &effect-kind-bits))) (b (ash b (- &effect-kind-bits)))) (or (eqv? &unknown-memory-kinds (logand a &memory-kind-mask)) (eqv? &unknown-memory-kinds (logand b &memory-kind-mask)) (and (eqv? (logand a &memory-kind-mask) (logand b &memory-kind-mask)) ;; A negative field indicates "the whole object". ;; Non-negative fields indicate only part of the object. (or (< a 0) (< b 0) (= a b)))))) (and (not (zero? (logand a &write))) (not (zero? (logand b (logior &read &write)))) (locations-same?))) (define (compute-clobber-map effects) "For the map LABEL->EFFECTS, compute a map LABEL->LABELS indicating the LABELS that are clobbered by the effects of LABEL." (let ((clobbered-by-write (make-hash-table))) (intmap-fold (lambda (label fx) ;; Unless an expression causes a read, it isn't clobbered by ;; anything. (when (causes-effect? fx &read) (let ((me (intset label))) (define (add! kind field) (let* ((k (logior (ash field &memory-kind-bits) kind)) (clobber (hashv-ref clobbered-by-write k empty-intset))) (hashv-set! clobbered-by-write k (intset-union me clobber)))) ;; Clobbered by write to specific field of this memory ;; kind, write to any field of this memory kind, or ;; write to any field of unknown memory kinds. (let* ((loc (ash fx (- &effect-kind-bits))) (kind (logand loc &memory-kind-mask)) (field (ash loc (- &memory-kind-bits)))) (add! kind field) (add! kind -1) (add! &unknown-memory-kinds -1)))) (values)) effects) (intmap-map (lambda (label fx) (if (causes-effect? fx &write) (hashv-ref clobbered-by-write (ash fx (- &effect-kind-bits)) empty-intset) empty-intset)) effects))) (define *primitive-effects* (make-hash-table)) (define-syntax-rule (define-primitive-effects* param ((name . args) effects ...) ...) (begin (hashq-set! *primitive-effects* 'name (case-lambda* ((param . args) (logior effects ...)) (_ &all-effects))) ...)) (define-syntax-rule (define-primitive-effects ((name . args) effects ...) ...) (define-primitive-effects* param ((name . args) effects ...) ...)) ;; Miscellaneous. (define-primitive-effects ((load-const/unlikely)) ((values . _))) ;; Generic effect-free predicates. (define-primitive-effects ((eq? x y)) ((equal? x y)) ((fixnum? arg)) ((char? arg)) ((eq-constant? arg)) ((undefined? arg)) ((null? arg)) ((false? arg)) ((nil? arg)) ((heap-object? arg)) ((pair? arg)) ((symbol? arg)) ((variable? arg)) ((vector? arg)) ((struct? arg)) ((string? arg)) ((number? arg)) ((bytevector? arg)) ((keyword? arg)) ((bitvector? arg)) ((procedure? arg)) ((thunk? arg)) ((heap-number? arg)) ((bignum? arg)) ((flonum? arg)) ((compnum? arg)) ((fracnum? arg))) ;; Fluids. (define-primitive-effects ((fluid-ref f) (&read-object &fluid) &type-check) ((fluid-set! f v) (&write-object &fluid) &type-check) ((push-fluid f v) (&write-object &fluid) &type-check) ((pop-fluid) (&write-object &fluid)) ((push-dynamic-state state) (&write-object &fluid) &type-check) ((pop-dynamic-state) (&write-object &fluid))) ;; Threads. Calls cause &all-effects, which reflects the fact that any ;; call can capture a partial continuation and reinstate it on another ;; thread. (define-primitive-effects ((current-thread) (&read-object &thread))) ;; Prompts. (define-primitive-effects ((make-prompt-tag #:optional arg) (&allocate &unknown-memory-kinds))) ;; Generic objects. (define (annotation->memory-kind* annotation idx) (match (cons annotation idx) (('vector . 0) &header) (('string . (or 0 1 2 3)) &header) (('stringbuf . (or 0 1)) &header) (('bytevector . (or 0 1 2 3)) &header) (('symbol . (or 0 1 2)) &header) (('box . 0) &header) (('closure . (or 0 1)) &header) (('struct . 0) &header) (('atomic-box . 0) &header) (_ (annotation->memory-kind annotation)))) (define (annotation->memory-kind annotation) (match annotation ('pair &pair) ('vector &vector) ('string &string) ('stringbuf &string) ('symbol &unknown-memory-kinds) ('bytevector &bytevector) ('bitmask &bitmask) ('box &box) ('closure &closure) ('struct &struct) ('atomic-box &unknown-memory-kinds))) (define-primitive-effects* param ((allocate-words size) (&allocate (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((allocate-words/immediate) (match param ((ann . size) (&allocate (annotation->memory-kind ann))))) ((allocate-pointerless-words size) (&allocate (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((allocate-pointerless-words/immediate) (match param ((ann . size) (&allocate (annotation->memory-kind ann))))) ((scm-ref obj idx) (&read-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((scm-ref/tag obj) (&read-field (annotation->memory-kind* param 0) 0)) ((scm-ref/immediate obj) (match param ((ann . idx) (&read-field (annotation->memory-kind* ann idx) idx)))) ((scm-set! obj idx val) (&write-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((scm-set/tag! obj val) (&write-field (annotation->memory-kind* param 0) 0)) ((scm-set!/immediate obj val) (match param ((ann . idx) (&write-field (annotation->memory-kind* ann idx) idx)))) ((word-ref obj idx) (&read-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((word-ref/immediate obj) (match param ((ann . idx) (&read-field (annotation->memory-kind* ann idx) idx)))) ((word-set! obj idx val) (&read-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((word-set!/immediate obj val) (match param ((ann . idx) (&write-field (annotation->memory-kind* ann idx) idx)))) ((pointer-ref/immediate obj) (match param ((ann . idx) (&read-field (annotation->memory-kind* ann idx) idx)))) ((pointer-set!/immediate obj val) (match param ((ann . idx) (&write-field (annotation->memory-kind* ann idx) idx)))) ((tail-pointer-ref/immediate obj))) ;; Strings. (define-primitive-effects ((string-set! s n c) (&write-object &string) &type-check) ((number->string _) (&allocate &string) &type-check) ((string->number _) (&read-object &string) &type-check)) ;; Unboxed floats and integers. (define-primitive-effects ((scm->f64 _) &type-check) ((load-f64)) ((f64->scm _)) ((scm->u64 _) &type-check) ((scm->u64/truncate _) &type-check) ((load-u64)) ((u64->scm _)) ((u64->scm/unlikely _)) ((scm->s64 _) &type-check) ((load-s64)) ((s64->scm _)) ((s64->scm/unlikely _)) ((u64->s64 _)) ((s64->u64 _)) ((assume-u64 _)) ((assume-s64 _)) ((untag-fixnum _)) ((tag-fixnum _)) ((tag-fixnum/unlikely _))) ;; Pointers. (define-primitive-effects* param ((u8-ref obj bv n) (&read-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((s8-ref obj bv n) (&read-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((u16-ref obj bv n) (&read-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((s16-ref obj bv n) (&read-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((u32-ref obj bv n) (&read-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((s32-ref obj bv n) (&read-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((u64-ref obj bv n) (&read-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((s64-ref obj bv n) (&read-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((f32-ref obj bv n) (&read-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((f64-ref obj bv n) (&read-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((u8-set! obj bv n x) (&write-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((s8-set! obj bv n x) (&write-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((u16-set! obj bv n x) (&write-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((s16-set! obj bv n x) (&write-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((u32-set! obj bv n x) (&write-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((s32-set! obj bv n x) (&write-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((u64-set! obj bv n x) (&write-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((s64-set! obj bv n x) (&write-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((f32-set! obj bv n x) (&write-object (annotation->memory-kind param))) ((f64-set! obj bv n x) (&write-object (annotation->memory-kind param)))) ;; Modules. (define-primitive-effects ((current-module) (&read-object &module)) ((cache-current-module! m) (&write-object &cache)) ((resolve name) (&read-object &module) &type-check) ((resolve-module mod) (&read-object &module) &type-check) ((module-variable mod name) (&read-object &module) &type-check) ((lookup mod name) (&read-object &module) &type-check) ((lookup-bound mod name) (&read-object &module) &type-check) ((lookup-bound-public) &type-check) ((lookup-bound-private) &type-check) ((cached-toplevel-box) &type-check) ((cached-module-box) &type-check) ((define! mod name) (&read-object &module))) ;; Cache cells. (define-primitive-effects ((cache-ref) (&read-object &cache)) ((cache-set! x) (&write-object &cache))) ;; Numbers. (define-primitive-effects ((heap-numbers-equal? . _)) ((= . _) &type-check) ((<= . _) &type-check) ((< . _) &type-check) ((u64-= . _)) ((u64-imm-= . _)) ((u64-< . _)) ((u64-imm-< . _)) ((imm-u64-< . _)) ((s64-= . _)) ((s64-imm-= . _)) ((s64-< . _)) ((s64-imm-< . _)) ((imm-s64-< . _)) ((f64-= . _)) ((f64-< . _)) ((f64-<= . _)) ((zero? . _) &type-check) ((add . _) &type-check) ((add/immediate . _) &type-check) ((mul . _) &type-check) ((sub . _) &type-check) ((sub/immediate . _) &type-check) ((div . _) &type-check) ((fadd . _)) ((fsub . _)) ((fmul . _)) ((fdiv . _)) ((uadd . _)) ((usub . _)) ((umul . _)) ((uadd/immediate . _)) ((usub/immediate . _)) ((umul/immediate . _)) ((sadd . _)) ((ssub . _)) ((smul . _)) ((sadd/immediate . _)) ((ssub/immediate . _)) ((smul/immediate . _)) ((quo . _) &type-check) ((rem . _) &type-check) ((mod . _) &type-check) ((inexact _) &type-check) ((s64->f64 _)) ((complex? _) &type-check) ((real? _) &type-check) ((rational? _) &type-check) ((inf? _) &type-check) ((nan? _) &type-check) ((integer? _) &type-check) ((exact? _) &type-check) ((inexact? _) &type-check) ((even? _) &type-check) ((odd? _) &type-check) ((rsh n m) &type-check) ((lsh n m) &type-check) ((rsh/immediate n) &type-check) ((lsh/immediate n) &type-check) ((logand . _) &type-check) ((logior . _) &type-check) ((logxor . _) &type-check) ((logsub . _) &type-check) ((lognot . _) &type-check) ((ulogand . _)) ((ulogior . _)) ((ulogxor . _)) ((ulogsub . _)) ((ursh . _)) ((srsh . _)) ((ulsh . _)) ((slsh . _)) ((ursh/immediate . _)) ((srsh/immediate . _)) ((ulsh/immediate . _)) ((slsh/immediate . _)) ((logtest a b) &type-check) ((logbit? a b) &type-check) ((sqrt _) &type-check) ((abs _) &type-check) ((floor _) &type-check) ((ceiling _) &type-check) ((sin _) &type-check) ((cos _) &type-check) ((tan _) &type-check) ((asin _) &type-check) ((acos _) &type-check) ((atan _) &type-check) ((atan2 x y) &type-check) ((fsqrt _)) ((fabs _)) ((ffloor _)) ((fceiling _)) ((fsin _)) ((fcos _)) ((ftan _)) ((fasin _)) ((facos _)) ((fatan _)) ((fatan2 x y))) ;; Characters. (define-primitive-effects ((untag-char _)) ((tag-char _))) ;; Atomics are a memory and a compiler barrier; they cause all effects ;; so no need to have a case for them here. (Though, see ;; https://jfbastien.github.io/no-sane-compiler/.) (define (primitive-effects param name args) (let ((proc (hashq-ref *primitive-effects* name))) (if proc (apply proc param args) &all-effects))) (define (expression-effects exp) (match exp ((or ($ $const) ($ $prim) ($ $values) ($ $code) ($ $const-fun)) &no-effects) ((or ($ $fun) ($ $rec)) (&allocate &unknown-memory-kinds)) ((or ($ $call) ($ $callk)) &all-effects) (($ $primcall name param args) (primitive-effects param name args)))) (define (compute-effects conts) (intmap-map (lambda (label cont) (match cont (($ $kargs names syms ($ $continue k src exp)) (expression-effects exp)) (($ $kargs names syms ($ $branch kf kt src op param args)) (primitive-effects param op args)) (($ $kargs names syms ($ $switch)) &no-effects) (($ $kargs names syms ($ $prompt)) ;; Although the "main" path just writes &prompt, we don't know ;; what nonlocal predecessors of the handler do, so we ;; conservatively assume &all-effects. &all-effects) (($ $kargs names syms ($ $throw)) ;; A reachable "throw" term can never be elided. &all-effects) (($ $kreceive arity kargs) (match arity (($ $arity _ () #f () #f) &type-check) (($ $arity () () _ () #f) (&allocate &pair)) (($ $arity _ () _ () #f) (logior (&allocate &pair) &type-check)))) (($ $kfun) &type-check) (($ $kclause) &type-check) (($ $ktail) &no-effects))) conts)) ;; There is a way to abuse effects analysis in CSE to also do scalar ;; replacement, effectively adding `car' and `cdr' expressions to `cons' ;; expressions, and likewise with other constructors and setters. This ;; routine adds appropriate effects to `cons' and `set-car!' and the ;; like. ;; ;; This doesn't affect CSE's ability to eliminate expressions, given ;; that allocations aren't eliminated anyway, and the new effects will ;; just cause the allocations not to commute with e.g. set-car! which ;; is what we want anyway. (define (synthesize-definition-effects effects) (intmap-map (lambda (label fx) (if (logtest (logior &write &allocation) fx) (logior fx &read) fx)) effects))
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